Because of their specific properties, nanomaterials are increasingly used in a variety of products and in a wide range of applications. However, their specific chemical and physical characteristics are also associated with potential risks to health and the environment. This problem logically extends to waste and effluent management: waste containing these materials is currently managed along with conventional waste without sufficient knowledge of the associated risks and impacts on the environment. This study provides an overview of the current state of scientific knowledge and existing gaps in this field. Based on a review of the literature, the work specifies the fate and possible impacts of nanomaterials in waste treatment/recovery processes (recycling, incineration, storage and wastewater treatment) and points to areas for further research.
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