The thermal treatment of waste, particularly incineration, involves complex, non-linear processes. This can occasionally lead to difficulties in controlling emissions and a drop in the energy performance of facilities. In order to address these issues, this critical analysis of the literature presents the state of the art in terms of process modelling and process representation, with a view to developing methods for identifying and controlling incinerators. Artificial intelligence methods (expert systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic) and their applicability to incineration are discussed. Applications are presented for cement and glass furnaces. Control strategies implemented on various incinerators are presented.
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