Study of treatments of effluents for the elimination of salts and their reuse

Summary

The treatment of saline effluents is a growing concern. It is generated by many industrial activities, but also by water treatment processes. The problem of treatment is made all the more complex by the fact that this effluent can contain a mixture of salts and organic matter. A number of technologies have been known and used for many years. Others are still being developed. This report reviews the various existing and emerging processes for treating saline effluents. These processes are compared from a technical, economic and environmental point of view. The state of the art is accompanied by case studies illustrating the implementation of desalination processes in various industrial sectors (chemicals, agri-food, textiles, etc.). Ways of recovering the salts '"generated" by the treatment processes are also developed.